Monday, March 30, 2015

TELL THE STORY OF THE VIETNAM WAR


It is once again the anniversary of the beginning of the Vietnam War; the war, during which the most horrific war crimes were committed. Innocent civilians were killed en masse, napalm was used and much more besides.  It has been the basis for many films, books, articles and documentaries. Do your research and tell the story of this war.
Photo galleries:
Familiarize yourself with the issue:
·         The Vietnam War” https://prezi.com/a7zxuau9unqr/the-vietnam-war/   
Reading material to make notes on:
·         “Vietnam War history” http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history
Videos to watch and make notes on:
“Vietnam War” http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war

Saturday, March 28, 2015

THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE K12 TEACHER


“When kids can get their lessons from the internet, what’s left for classroom instructors to do?”
By: Michael Godsey
Level of Difficulty: ***
WATCH, READ AND DISCUSS OR THINK ABOUT:
QUESTIONS
1.       By describing the utopia that is the classroom of the future, the writer is trying to convey the message that………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.       Why do teachers of the future need to be pretty near perfect?
3.       Read as far as the asterisk and decide whether the following are true or false:
·         The writer is concerned about the future
·         The writer feels his training has prepared him well for the future
·         The increasing use of technology in the classroom will make teachers experts in their fields
4.       The two factors that are changing the role of the teacher in the learning process are:
5.       Which  concluding statement is more appropriate for the paragraph beginning “And the teachers unions”
·         The crowdsourcing of teaching material via the internet is inevitable
·         The crowdsourcing of teaching material is big business
·         The crowdsourcing of teaching material is humanitarian
·         The crowdsourcing of teaching material was bound to take place
6.       The easy access to material via the internet enables modern teachers to focus more on…………………………..; something they weren’t able to do in the past.
7.       Which of the statements below would best follow the sentence beginning” Or to put more euphemistically…”?
·         That is to say, the teacher needs to guide, control and help when needed
·         That is to say, the teacher needs to let students get on with the lesson
·         That is to say, modern technology is in and the teacher is out.
8.       The major advantage of the flipped learning model is that it enables……………………….
9.       What is the prognosis for blended learning?
10.   Project based learning is both intellectually and psychologically advantageous as students in such a system are…………………………………..on the one hand and…………………………………….on the other.
11.   Why is the system of flipped learning being deserted?
12.   After studying Edmodo, the writer discovered that there was in fact no need for him to………………………………………………………………………………………………..
13.   In what way does Activate Instruction replicate teachers?
14.   Read down as far as the asterisk (“Try five or ten”) and decide whether the following are true or false.
·         The sharing of teaching material via the internet is called Netflix for teachers
·         The sharing of teaching material via the internet has some definite upsides
·         The sharing of teaching material via the internet encourages collaboration
·         The sharing of teaching material via the internet simplifies teaching
·         The writer is critical of sites like sharemylesson.com and ListenCurrent.com
15.   The writer feels that commonsense demands that he……………………………………………………
16.   The writer feels he could be pro active in the new system and carve out a place for himself by………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17.   Read the paragraph beginning “I looked through the current trends”. Which of the topic sentences below would best fit this paragraph?
·         Scripted instruction has some definite advantages
·         Scripted instruction raises standards in education
·         Scripted instruction is more inclusive in its reach
·         Scripted instruction is efficient and egalitarian
18.   Read Sugate Mitra’s views on the future of education. What are the possible disadvantages of such a system? Personal answer.
19.   Read the remainder of the text and decide whether the following are true or false?
·         The writer is very concerned about the future of teaching and the teacher
·         The writer is completely against the new high tech teaching environment
·         The writer has certain reservations about the new teaching environment
·         The writer feels the teacher should have an important role to play in the new teaching environment
WRITING TASK
You have been asked to comment on the text you have just read by the writer. What do you tell him? Listen to Sugata Mitra’s talks on TED and write about where you stand in relation to the future of education. What do you feel about the use of technology and how it should be used? Do you believe in the system of blended learning?
THE DECONSTRUCTION OF THE K12 TEACHER KEY AND TEACHER’S NOTES
This fascinating text paints a somewhat disturbing picture concerning the future of education and while accepting the undeniable advantages of the extensive sharing of material made possible by the internet, hints at some serious drawbacks. He also points out that the utopia we think is being created may in fact be a dystopia. The reading task should lead to an exciting writing activity as the topic is so controversial.
1.       The role of the public school teacher is shifting from “content expert” to curriculum facilitator”.
2.       Because the internet pretty much supplies everything we need.
3.       T, F, F
4.       The ever increasing ease of access to the web and the fact that the intellectual property that once belonged to teachers is now openly available on the internet. (The emergence of the internet is not an answer because mentioning the ease of access to the web makes it unnecessary)
5.       The second
6.       Individualized instruction
7.       The first
8.       Students to gain control of the learning process
9.       Half of high school classes will be delivered online by 2019
10.   Curious, engaged / Collaborative, social (Not all the points in the chart apply to students. The learning is self organized.)
11.   Because there are now thousands of professional videos to choose from
12.   Compile all the resources
13.   It organizes the video lessons and puts them together in a sensible order
14.   F, T, F, T, F
15.   Appreciate the modern efficiency of today’s resources, and reinvest his time as their enthusiastic guide on the side
16.   Trying to make six figures on the open market at teacherspayteachers.com or as a curriculum designer for a private company
17.   The last one. The first is too general, the second and the third only cover part of the paragraph.
18.    Socialization will suffer, children won’t be able to play sports, games etc, they will not get enough face to face contact, the nature of man will change, people may end up lonely and cut off from each other and this could lead to all manner of psychological problems.

19.   T, F, T, T

Friday, March 27, 2015

DOUBLE TEXT READING INTO WRITING ACTIVITY: FOUR WORDS TO SEEM MORE POLITE AND HOW TO MAKE THE NARCISSIST IN YOUR LIFE A LITTLE NICER


The old saying “Manners maketh man” has always been so true, wining those individuals valuable brownie points in their social relations and on a personal level. Politeness brings people closer together, opens doors and brings out the best in people. This task involves two texts related to this issue and they will share one writing task.
BEFORE YOU READ: TAKE THE TESTS
·         Narcissistic personality quiz: http://psychcentral.com/quizzes/narcissistic.htm
FOUR WORDS TO SEEM MORE POLITE
“Empathy makes you better at cocktail parties – and life”
By: Olga Kahazan
Level of Difficulty: **
BEFORE YOU READ
·         Read Paul Ford’s post titled “How to be Polite” and discuss. Link: https://medium.com/message/how-to-be-polite-9bf1e69e888c
QUESTIONS
1.       Read the reference to Paul Ford’s post. Which of the following may be used to describe him? Select as many as necessary.
·         Considerate
·         Nosey
·         Sympathetic
·         Vociferous
2.       Empathy is described as being absolutely vital for all human relationships because……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.       Narcissists are different from empathic people because they are much more likely to overlook mistakes / be self centered / be sharing / be cooperative / be bigheaded. Select as many as necessary.
4.       What is the purpose of advising modern college students to read great literature?
5.       Read the two definitions of politeness. Which one fits in with psychologists’ views on empathy mentioned earlier in the text?
HOW TO MAKE THE NARCISSIST IN YOUR LIFE A LITTLE NICER
“A new study finds that deliberately considering the perspectives of others can help conceited people feel empathy”
By: Olga Khazan
Level of Difficulty: **
QUESTIONS
1.       Why is it empathy rather than love which makes the world go round?
2.       You missed class due to illness and you ask a classmate for his class notes but he refuses to share or help. What kind of person is he according to the text? Be very precise and provide the two possible answers.
3.       What long cherished view concerning narcissists did Hepper prove wrong? The view that……
4.       In the study involving Chris, the standard view concerning narcissists was supported / not supported as …………………………………………………………………………………………….
5.       Read the second study involving Susan. Why was the result of the experiment surprising? What was the reason for this outcome?
6.       Explain what exactly the conclusion Hepper reaches after the third experiment means.
7.       What is the implication of Hepper’s research?
WRITING TASK
Use the information you gleaned from both texts to discuss the importance of empathy in our relationships with others and how it can be fostered.
FOUR WORDS TO SEEM MORE POLITE KEY AND TEACHER’S NOTES
This wonderful little text highlights the advantages of empathy in developing a healthy society and happy individuals.
1.       Considerate and sympathetic
2.       It creates harmonious relationships
3.       Be self centered, be big headed
4.       To make them more empathic
5.       The second one: “Manners are a way of showing other people we care about them”
HOW TO MAKE THE NARCISSIST IN YOUR LIFE A LITTLE NICER KEY AND TEACHER’S NOTES
This little text focuses solely on narcissists and shows that they can be made into more prosocial people and taught to be more compassionate and as such, is very positive
1.       Because empathy means / involves understanding other people’s view points
2.       A sub-clinical narcissist or an everyday egoist (Narcissist won’t do; you were asked to be precise)
3.       Narcissists are largely incorrigible
4.       Supported; the more narcissistic among them were indeed less likely to feel empathy for the fictional jilted man.
5.       The more narcissistic the subjects were, the more the trick of telling them to take Susan’s perspective worked (The references in this sentence need to be replaced for the answer to make sense). By instructing them to think about it, activates this empathic response that was previously much weaker.
6.       There is a physical side to the problem.
7.       The research could help shape therapeutic interventions aimed at narcissists.










Tuesday, March 24, 2015

WHY IS PLAY SO IMPORTANT?


 Most experts will state adamantly that play is vital for development yet why is this the case? How does play impact development? How does it impact the individual, the life he leads, the work he does and also the society?
Refer to my second blog, The Essay Archive, for sample essays: https://theessayarchive.blogspot.com.tr/  
Power point: start thinking about the issue
Familiarize yourself with the issue: the main points
·         “Why is play important?” http://www.playengland.org.uk/about-us/why-is-play-important.aspx
Introduction: podcast to listen to: play and creativity
Reading material to make notes on:
·         “Why is play important? Social and emotional development, physical development, creative development” http://www.education.com/reference/article/importance-play--social-emotional/ 
·         “The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-teacher bonds” http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/1/182.full
Videos to watch and make notes on:
·         “A play manifesto: Steve Kahl at TED” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SZFY47aIog
·         “The importance of play” John Cohn at TED” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-NT1-BdOvI
“TED Jill Vialet - What can play teach us” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STYU-iz8bUQ

Monday, March 23, 2015

REASONS FOR CONFLICT IN THE WORKPLACE


Conflict is common in all areas where people come together for any length of time yet it needs to be resolved to ensure that everything runs smoothly and people are happy. One well known area of conflict is the workplace. Do your research and write about the causes of conflict in the workplace; also suggest solutions.
Refer to my second blog, The Essay Archive, for sample essays: https://theessayarchive.blogspot.com.tr/  
Animation:
·         “Conflict resolution” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KY5TWVz5ZDU
Familiarize yourself with the issue:
·         “How to resolve conflict in the workplace” http://blink.ucsd.edu/HR/supervising/conflict/handle.html
Reading material to make notes on:
·         “What causes employee conflict in the workplace?” http://smallbusiness.chron.com/causes-employee-conflict-workplace-21264.html
·         “Bell and Hart’s eight causes of conflict”  http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/eight-causes-conflict.htm  Make sure to check the links in the text.
·         “13 Tools for resolving conflict in the workplace, with customers and in life” http://www.mediate.com/articles/bermanlj3.cfm
Presentations:
·         “How to manage conflict at the workplace” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rU30E2g3BbI
Videos to watch and make notes on:
·         “Conflict resolution in 6 simple easy steps” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSGy5yvC0hM



JOB SATISFACTION


Job satisfaction is not just a personal problem but one that impacts companies as well and is therefore of vital concern. Do your research and write about the factors that contribute to job satisfaction, the effects of job dissatisfaction and ways in which job satisfaction can be increased. All your research material for this activity involves listening of some form or another. All the material is short and to the point.
Statistics:
·         “10 Shocking statistics about employee engagement” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4H4MIwklvHQ
Familiarize yourself with the issue:
·         “Job satisfaction” https://prezi.com/lx0y6n_tr8nc/job-satisfaction/
·         “Job satisfaction”  https://prezi.com/bx4hw0zb5qg5/job-satisfaction/
Animations to watch and make notes on:
·         “Job satisfaction”   http://goanimate.com/videos/03GrC0hqOihY
Presentations:
·         “Create meaning for employees” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2_HPOArW5s
·         “Why employee engagement matters” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSfDROxCuxI
·         “Bright idea box: a proven system to drive employee engagement and innovation” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHnmDOESIaQ
·         “What is job satisfaction: definition, causes and effects” http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-job-satisfaction-definition-causes-and-factors.html
·         “Job dissatisfaction: causes, reasons and employee responses” http://study.com/academy/lesson/job-dissatisfaction-causes-reasons-and-employee-responses.html
·         “Job satisfaction in older workers” http://study.com/academy/lesson/job-satisfaction-in-older-workers-associated-factors.html
Videos to watch and make notes on:
·         “Why people quit their jobs” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-2u22cpYic
     Refer to my second blog, The Essay Archive, for sample essays: https://theessayarchive.blogspot.com.tr/  


THE SECRETS TO SUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATIONS


The art of negotiation is vital in all walks of life in the modern world be it business, politics or private life. Successful negotiation requires skill and know-how. Do your research and write an essay in which you discuss the secret to successful negotiations. All the material provided for this task involves listening.
Animations to familiarize yourself with the issue:
·         “Negotiation” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FeM6kp9Q80
·         “Conflict negotiation : what if they use dirty tricks” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hojfxVJLwhs
Introduction:
·         “The 4 steps in negotiation process” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T0FaGPe4R4
·         “Introduction to negotiation tactics” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31EA3-4BudU
Videos to watch and make notes on:
·         “Negotiating tactics” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lp4r0Q8Pj7Q   
·         “7 Mistakes people make when they negotiate” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BldEUM1Ha94
Lectures to watch and listen to and make notes on:
·         “Conducting effective negotiations” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCmvMDrCWjs


Sunday, March 22, 2015

HOW TO TEACH DOCTORS EMPATHY


“Being a good doctor requires an understanding of people not just science”
By: Sandra G. Boodmanmar
Level of Difficulty: **
Note to the student: the skills being practiced in this reading task are paraphrasing and summary skills. The task is designed to promote the ability to think in English and get to grips with the intricacies of sentence structure; especially relationships of cause and effect.
BEFORE YOU READ
QUESTIONS
1.       Read the story of Jeremy Force. He earned the compliment thanks to……………………which aims to teach doctors all about……………………………………………
2.       Without clinical empathy, it would be much harder to ………………………….and develop a good………………,which is essential if the doctor is to help the patient.
3.       Empathy benefits the patients as………………………increases and……………………… are better. It also benefits doctors as both ………………………… and the percentage of……………………………is less.
4.       The upside of the issue of clinical empathy is that………………………………, which is why efforts are being made to promote it. An example of such efforts is……………………………………..
5.       The driving force behind the efforts to promote empathy is the fact that…………………………..
6.       The purpose of the program implemented at Columbia is to improve doctors’ understanding of patients by teaching them………………………..,enable them to get the full picture by encouraging them to………………………….and resist the desire to ………………………………………….
7.       The doctors who claim that being empathic is a waste of time have been proved wrong as …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8.       The immediate result of lack of empathy is ………………………………the results of which can, in some cases, be fatal.
9.       Doctors who are empathic may feel happier in themselves and really grow to love their jobs thanks to……………………………………………………..
10.   What effect did Tulsky’s father’s dinner time conversation have on her? She reached the conclusion that………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.   Circle the odd one out according to the text: Some doctors avoid empathy because they don’t want to get emotionally involved / don’t really care / they know nothing about body language/ they don’t like emotional outbursts.
12.   Circle the odd one out according to the text: Read about the contents of the Empathics course. In this course, doctors are taught to be considerate / aloof / approachable /friendly.
13.   What innate habit of doctors has Lipman been trying to kick?
14.   What instance described in the text indicates that Lipman is probably very popular with his patients? The fact that …………………………………………………………………………
WRITING TASK
Use the information from the text and the links you have been provided with to discuss why doctors need to be more empathic and how they can become so.
HOW TO TEACH DOCTORS EMPATHY KEY AND TEACHER’S NOTES
1.       Oncotalk  / clinical empathy
2.       Establish trust / doctor-patient relationship
3.       Satisfaction, outcomes / burnout, malpractice suits and errors
4.       It can be taught / Empathetics
5.       Baby boomers have higher expectations and are less likely to tolerate doctors they consider arrogant or unapproachable
6.       Decode facial expressions, listen, interrupt
7.       Doctors randomly assigned to take the Empathics course were judged by patients as significantly better at understanding their concerns and making them feel at ease than residents who had not undergone the training.
8.       Poor communication
9.       The positive feedback they receive from patients
10.   Medicine was about more than the illness
11.   Don’t really care
12.   Aloof
13.   The desire to fix something or make something happen in a visit

14.   He engaged, he expected the emotional response and hung in there at the meeting with a patient with end-stage cancer.

A GUIDE TO NOT RETIRING


“Some people nearing retirement don’t want to leave their jobs. But defying expectations can be difficult – both in the office and at home”
By: Anne Tergesen
Published: March 15, 2015; The Wall Street Journal; http://www.wsj.com/articles/a-guide-to-not-retiring-1426475064
Level of Difficulty: ***
Note to the Student: This is a tough level ** and an easy level ***:  some of the questions are pretty straightforward but others are tough.
BEFORE YOU READ
Watch and discuss: 100 year old Brooklyn math teacher who refuses to retire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBrnZeO04fk
·         Should there be an age of legal retirement? After all, some countries have such a figure, others don’t.
·         If the answer is ‘yes’ what should it be and why?
·         What factors should governments take into consideration when determining the age of legal retirement?
·         What factors should individuals take into consideration when deciding to retire?
·         Why do you think many people don’t want to retire?
QUESTIONS
1.       Start reading the text. Now answer the following questions.
·         Where does the introduction end and the development begin?
·         Which sentence informs the reader of the issue to be discussed?
·         What is the relationship between the first sentence in this section and the last?
2.       The conclusion we can draw from the paragraph beginning still is that …………………….
3.       The fact that…………….enables the well educated white collar workers to continue working longer.
4.       What two factors motivate these people to continue working rather than retiring?
5.       The major life style choice faced when deciding whether to retire or not is ……………………….
6.       The yardstick which determines whether a person has what it takes to continue working is his willingness to…………………………………………………………..The reason is that this indicates he has…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7.       Look at the bar graph detailing the reasons why most people seem to want to continue working. There are two broad categories of reasons. Divide the reasons into two categories and give each category a name.
8.       Now study the pie chart under the heading ‘Working Late’ and write a paragraph detailing the trends you observe. Include your predictions based on the information you have gleaned from the text as well. A sample paragraph is included in the ‘Key’
9.       Read the story of Randall Martin. Which sentence in the section best summarizes the reason why retirement is not for him for the time being?
10.   Read Jan Abushakrah’s story. Should she be asked to retire? Why or why not? Explain with reference to the text you are reading.
11.   Study the bar graph titled ‘The Changing Face of the Office’. It can be understood from this graph that whereas ……………………has been dropping steadily and is expected continue to do so in the future, ………………………..has been rising steadily and is expected to continue to do so.
12.   Read the section titled ‘Discontent at home’. The disagreements listed in this section are probably not due to: mark as many as necessary
·         Different world views
·         Lack of forward thinking
·         Lack of forward planning
·         Lack of communication
·         Lack of agreement
13.   Find the wrong answer. Discussing the decision concerning retirement can:
·         Make all the sense in the world
·         Develop empathy and understanding
·         Lead to disappointment
·         Lead to arguments
·         Lead to a compromise
14.   Mrs. Peterson resolved her differences with her husband by making sure to be……………..
15.   Read the story of Roberta Taylor and Bruce Narasin. Their solution to the dilemma they faced was not for…………………………………………but to…………………………………………………………………
16.   Why should someone who decides to continue working inform people he is working with of his decision?
17.   The older worker who wishes to go on working can avoid negative consequences in the office by ……………………………………………and………………………………………………………………..
18.   Why does Mr. Harnden organize goal setting exercises? You will need to tweak the text.
WRITING TASK: THE FIRST ALTERNATIVE
Look back to question 8. Graph writing is an integral part of the IELTS exam so put your interpretation skills to the test by completing this task.
WRITING TASK: THE SECOND ALTERNATIVE
Discuss the factors that enable an individual to go on working after the socially expected retirement age. Use the text.
·         Passion and excitement
·         Keeping up with modern technology
·         Physical and mental health – people live, on average 25 years longer
·         The continued to desire to commit to the job
WRITING TASK: THIRD ALTERNATIVE
Discuss the advantages of delaying retirement:
In terms of the state:
·         The strain a large group of pensioners who live into their 90’s put on the economy avoided
·         Benefitting from amassed skills and experience
·         Passion and excitement allowed to spread
In terms of the individual:
·         Satisfaction derived from continuing to be useful
·         Satisfaction derived from doing a job one loves
·         Better physical health linked to improved psychological health
WRITING TASK: FOURTH ALTERNATIVE
Discuss the reasons why people don’t wish to retire
Practical considerations:
·         Keeping health insurance benefits
·         Need money to make ends meet
·         Want money to buy extras
Lifestyle factors:
·         Want to stay active and involved (people live longer, physically fit)
·         Enjoy working (passion and excitement)
A GUIDE TO NOT RETIRING KEY AND TEACHER’S NOTES
The subject matter of this text may not have much appeal to some young people but the issue is so well analyzed on various levels and leads to such a superb writing task that I couldn’t resist. Retirement is, after all, becoming a major concern in both developed and developing countries: think Japan, France and Turkey. Increasing longevity makes retirement a serious economic problem for governments; good health way into what is traditionally defined as ‘old age’ makes it a personal problem for individuals. Whichever way you look at it, retirement is a huge issue.
1.       The development begins with the paragraph beginning “Still”. The issue to be discussed is introduced in the last sentence of the development. The first sentence introduces the issue of retirement and the last sentence narrows it down as any good introduction should
2.       Deciding to stay at work isn’t easy.
3.       Life expectancy is a good 25 years longer than it was a century ago
4.       Working at something they love and get paid for.
5.       How people want to spend that scarce time. You need to replace ‘they’ with people and explain what ‘that time’ is. You need to replace all references in an answer.
6.       Take on a new project, raise his hand particularly if it gives him new skills to stay current; passion
7.       The first group which could be called practical or financial reasons comprises ‘keep health insurance and other benefits, need money to make ends meet and want money to buy extras’. The second category which could be called lifestyle or personal reasons comprises ‘Enjoy working and want to stay active and involved’
8.        Pie charts: Working Late: The two pie charts demonstrate the views concerning the retirement age in 1999 and 2014. There are marked differences in attitude concerning the issue and over all there seems to be a swing towards a higher retirement age. The percentage of people  who felt one should retire before the age of 60 halved in this five year period; the percentage of those who felt the retirement age should be somewhere between 60 – 64 dropped by 6% and lastly, the percentage of people who felt 65 was a good age to retire dropped by 8%. One the flip side, there seems to be an increasing inclination to retire later reflected in the views of those who wanted to retire between 66 – 69, those who wished to retire at 70 and later and those who wished to remain on the job for ever. The percentage of people who wanted to retire between 66 – 69 almost tripled reaching 11%.  The percentage of people who wanted the retirement age to be 70 or older rose from 14 to 22%. The percentage of people for whom retirement was not an option doubled. This trend is expected to continue as people live longer and remain both physically and mentally fit for longer. People also appear to be more desirous to work;  a wish reflected in the charts
9.       Developing these innovations is what gets me up in the morning
10.    No, she should not because she has passion. Such people are very useful for a company or institution.
11.   The number of 16 – 24 year old workers / the number of workers over 55
12.   Lack of communication and lack of agreement (The fact that they disagree means that there is obviously plenty of communication and no agreement)
13.   Lead to disappointment
14.   More available
15.   Ms. Taylor to retire but to spend good quality time together
16.   When you are in your mid 60’s and above, unless you state otherwise, the assumption is that you will be retiring soon. The previous sentence will not do because it is not specific enough.
17.   Signaling a long term commitment and a youthful mindset and disclosing the desire to stick around in both informal conversations and an annual performance review.

18.   To create passion and excitement