Tuesday, January 28, 2014

WHY WE ARE SOMETIMES KIND WITHOUT REASON


“Our brains are constantly, subtly being primed in fascinating ways by our physical surroundings”
By: Charles Montgomery
Published: The Atlantic; November 22, 2013; www.theatlantic.com
Level of Difficulty:***
BEFORE YOU READ
Study the streets the links to which are below and try and answer the following questions:
Second link
·         On which street would you walk faster?
·         On which street would you feel more relaxed and happy?
·         On which street would you find it easier to talk to strangers?
·         On which street would you want to linger and perhaps sit down somewhere?
·         Now try and explain the reason for your answers.
QUESTIONS
1.       According to Goffman, what makes public and private places a stage and the people round us actors?
2.       The case of the man in the example in the second paragraph and the subjects in D.S. Wilson and Daniel O’Brien’s study both prove that……………………………………………………………………………..
3.       The examples of the pavement, the drinks and the escalator seem to show that……………………
There are two answers; state both.
4.       What does the example involving The Salvation Army have in common with that involving film clips? Both involve…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5.       The paragraph beginning “Neuroscientists have found…” focuses on:
·         The mental processes underlying our responses or reactions
·         The hormonal basis of our reactions or responses
·         The biological basis of our responses or reactions
·         All of the above
·         None of the above
·         Other: please specify
6.       What does “This” refer to in the phrase “This should be a concern…”?
7.       The prejudice that emerged in the Dutch experiment could be alleviated through …………………
8.       There are two reasons why the writer and Zak met with the reactions they did on the Main Street of Disneyworld (link below); they are: (https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=Main+Street+Disneyworld&espv=210&es_sm=93&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=zaHnUrPNCcOSywOGsoLIAQ&ved=0CCsQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=509

9.       Which of the sentences below best summarizes the effect modern cities have on people:
·         They cause loneliness
·         They cause aggression
·         They cause nostalgia
·         They dehumanize people
10.   Both neuroscientists and Main Street USA’s designers discovered that……………………………………
11.   Why have care facilities replicated Main Street USA to comfort residents rather than employ some other method?
12.   What is the implication of Main Street USA in terms of our physical environment?
13.   What examples of “social spaces” can you provide based on the text?
14.   The experiments at the BMW Guggenheim lab support the contention that………………………….
15.   What does “This” refer to in the phrase “This points to an emerging disaster”?
16.   Read the paragraph beginning “This points to an emerging disaster in street psychology”. What is it exactly that has such a negative effect on the aging population?
·         Alienation
·         Destruction of the community
·         The disappearance of small local businesses
·         All of the above
·         None of the above
·         Other: please specify
17.   What two functions does the following sentence fulfill: “Fortunately, some cities have begun to enact laws to stop developers from killing the sociability of streets.”?
18.   Manhattan has been provided as an example of a city which………………………………………See link: https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=manhattan&espv=210&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=aqLnUuWuC4eFtAb5oYDoBg&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1024&bih=509
19.   Read the examples provided in this last part of the text carefully to the end. Why exactly is New York “adopting new zoning that limited the ground floor width of new stores on major avenues on the Upper West Side”? There are two answers; find both.
20.   What is the outcome of the regulations in Vancouver as far as residents go?
WRITING TASK
Select an area in a city you know well and imagine you have been given a free rein to do whatever you wanted. Describe what improvements you would make and why. Imagine you have to report to a council which is likely to disagree with you so justify your proposals. You can accompany your essay with photos, videos, graphics or a power point presentation to support your case. You may also send in the result and it could get posted.
WHY WE ARE SOMETIMES KIND WITHOUT REASON KEY AND TEACHER’S NOTES
This wonderful text brings home a point that we all know instinctively: that skyscrapers, aluminum, glass and the loss of small businesses leads to alienation and unhappiness, which eventually impacts how long we live and what quality of life we enjoy. As such, it is fascinating to read. It also allows for a creative and original writing task, which I hope will be fun to do.

  1. The fact that life is a series of performances (in which we are all continually managing the impression we give other people).
  2. Being high up, or the mere act of ascending, reminds us of lofty ways of thinking and behaving.
  3. First alternative: we regularly respond to our environment in ways that seem to bear little relation to conscious thought or logic. The second alternative: the environment feeds us subtle clues that prime us to respond differently to the social landscape – even if those clues are wholly untethered from any rational analysis of our surroundings.
  4. A relationship between attitude and altruism
  5. Other: 1+3
  6. The fact that humans have a huge concentration of oxytocin receptors in the oldest part of the brain which…
  7. Design
  8. The fact that people go there intending to be happy; every detail on the artificial street is intended to draw you deeper into a state of nostalgic ease. ‘The powerful priming effects of the landscape’ is not explicit enough; it doesn’t tell you specifically what the reason is.
  9. The fourth
  10. Design could be used to get people from a state of anxiety and fear to a place of hope and happiness.
  11. Because the place effect is so powerful. Just effect won’t do; it is a reference and you need to see what it refers to in order to be precise.
  12. That every urban landscape is a collection of memory-and-emotion-activating-symbols. The following sentence is optional.
  13. Clean, tidy, well kept cities, access to nature, smaller structures, cultural heritage which has been preserved; not ultra modern… In fact, the opposite of everything in the text.
  14. If a street features uniform facades with hardly any doors, variety or functions, people move past as quickly as possible.
  15. People reported feeling significantly along the messy but active street front, than they did along the blank, tidy façade.
  16. All of the above
  17. First of all: it is the topic sentence for both the paragraphs; second of all, it provides transition from the first paragraph of examples to the second as the second paragraph is all about the killing of sociability.
  18. Killed the citizenry’s right to a healthy, life-giving public realm
  19. First alternative: passive bank facades bleed life from the sidewalk and two many of them can kill a street. Second alternative: Stores are the soul of the neighborhood. Small pharmacies, shoe stores, they mean everything to us (the second sentence is optional). In short, Gale Brewer’s comments.
  20. People actually walk, bike or take the subway to the big box, sit out front at the Starbucks, sipping their lattes in the rain.

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