“Women are chimeras
with gender material from both their parents and children. Where does that
leave individual identity?”
By: Katherine Rowland
Level of Difficulty:
***
BEFORE YOU READ
·
Microchimerism and Diseases | Lee Nelson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMuZRnuBaoI
QUESTIONS
1. The
fact that arthritis and lupus are not more prevalent in young women may
indicate that there may be a connection / there may be no connection between…
2. What
precisely led Nelson to try and discover the long term effects of pregnancy?
3. Read
the paragraphs beginning “Evidence”, “Within weeks of conception” and that
beginning “Far from drifting at random”. Which sentence would best summarize
this section:
·
Children leave lasting traces of their time in
the womb
·
Women unavoidably become microchimeras
·
Most women carry cells from more than one source
·
The give and take of cells during pregnancy
needs to be considered
·
All of the above
·
Some of the above: please specify:
4.
Which sentence or phrase in the same section
best summarizes the same three paragraphs?
5.
Microchimerism due to organ transplant is
different from microchierism due to pregnancy in that………..
6.
The lack of rejection of cells exchanged during
pregnancy probably has a social / evolutionary / familial / collective/
psychological basis.
7.
Where in the paragraph beginning “The
phenomenon” would you place the following sentence: Cells exchanged during
pregnancy, therefore, do not disappear; in fact they can remain intact
throughout the lifetime of the host.
8.
The paragraph beginning “One of the most…” depicts
a realistic/ romanticized/ literal/fundamental view of pregnancy and
motherhood.
9.
Which sentence in the paragraph beginning “On
one side…” best expresses the point the writer is trying to make?
10.
Women may in general be living longer than men
because thanks to having kids, they have…………………
11.
We understand from Johnson’s research that if
foetal cells caused disease they would / wouldn’t be ……………
12.
Both the cases of women who underwent thyroid
surgery and the case of the woman with hepatitis C prove that ….
13.
What hypothesis was proved wrong by Amy Brody?
14.
Microchimeric cells act like an invading force
from the beginning because…
15.
What conclusion can be drawn from the paragraph
beginning “In other Words…”?
16.
What is the reason for the above?
17.
What is the underlying reason for the battle in
the womb?
18.
The fact that microchimeric cells can extend
birth intervals beyond the mother’s optimum time frame and the related 2010
study are proof that …
19.
According to Harvey Climan, the placenta acts deviously
/ deviantly / purposefully/ inherently because…
20.
What warning does the writer make in the
conclusion? Why?
21.
Exchange of microchimeric cells between close relatives
turns an individual into … (This question was contributed by my assistant Sinan
Çakmak)
·
An isolated self with a dynamic inner world
·
A dynamic and ever-changing self
·
A collective self with shared motivations and affiliations
WRITING TASK
Use all the information you have acquired to describe how
people become chimeras.
WE ARE MULTITUDES
MICROCHIMERISM: HOW
PREGNANCY CHANGES THE MOTHER’S VERY DNA
This completely
fascinating text details the cell based exchanges between mothers and offspring
and details the emergence of chimeras. It goes so far as to suggest that we are
all chimeras to varying degrees and thus brings a whole new understanding to
the concept of the self.
1. There
may be no connection between female sex hormones and arthritis and lupus
2. The
fact that a female technician in a lab was found to contain male DNA a full
year after the birth of her son
3.
Two and three
4.
With each successive conception, the mother’s
reservoir of foreign material grows deeper and more complex, with…
5.
The genetic match between donor and recipient
determines whether the body accepts or rejects the grafted tissue, or if it
triggers disease
6.
Evolutionary
7.
At the end of the paragraph
8.
Romanticized
9.
But another body of research has found that
foetal cells can protect the mother
10.
Greater immune surveillance and improved repair
of damaged tissue
11.
Wouldn’t be everywhere
12.
There is definitely an association between the
presence of foetal cells and improved disease status
13.
That microchimerism might preserve the health of
mother and child, helping her survive childbirth and beyond as her offspring
make their slow way to independence
14.
Because they act like a placenta beyond the
womb, directing resources to the baby throughout gestation and after birth
15.
The womb might not be an enclave of rosy
communion
16.
Conflict between the biology of the parent and
the biology of the child
17.
For most genes, the foetus inherits two working
copies one from the mother and one from the father. However, with imprinted
genes, one of the copies is silenced…
18.
The foetus is a manipulative entity, conniving
to direct the mother to its own advantage
19.
Deviously, because mothers marshal their best
defensive tactics against offspring’s strategies to steal resources
20.
These analogies remain purely speculative,
because there is no definitive proof that the microchimeric activity, commonly
described as conflict, combat or colonization, reveals one entity pitted
against the other
21.
The third
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