WAR ONCE HELPED BUILD NATIONS NOW IT DESTROYS THEM

By: Mark Kukis

Published: Aeon, https://aeon.co/ideas/war-once-helped-build-nations-now-it-destroys-them

Level of Difficulty: **

BEFORE YOU READ

·          Paradoxes of war https://tr.coursera.org/learn/war/lecture/KrSI3/the-nature-of-war Watch all the little videos in the lesson.

QUESTIONS

1.       Read the first sentence (the topic sentence) of the first paragraph. Which sentence in the first paragraph best qualifies it?

2.       Read the second paragraph of the text carefully. Where else could the following be placed: “Waging war was one of their reasons for being”?

3.       Read the third paragraph. According to what you have learnt about essay writing, what is wrong with the organization?

4.       The Iraq – Iran war was an example of a war which delivered…

5.       Read the paragraph beginning “Since the Iran – Iraq war…”. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples listed?

6.       The existence of ….. make(s) wars in the historical sense hard in the 20^th century; the fact that….makes them unnecessary.

7.       The Myanmar governments crushing of the Rohingya is an example of…

8.       Sukarno is an example of a leader with….

9.       Nation building is not a glamorous, romantic or heroic process it involves…

WAR ONCE HELPED BUILD NATIONS NOW IT DESTROYS THEM; KEY AND TEACHERS’ NOTES

This short text is a comparison of the purposes of wars past and wars present. It is concise, to the point and very well argued. It should lead to an equally tidy writing task.

1.       Attackers and defenders alike had to marshal resources, make plans and build trust among one another in order to fight effectively.

2.       Right at the end as a concluding statement.

3.       This is roughly what you need to say: There are two different ideas in the paragraph. The topic sentence covers one only. The second, the aftermath of wars emerges suddenly out of the blue in the second half of the paragraph.

4.       Legitimacy and cohesion

5.       Armed conflict, whatever its origins and outcomes, tends to be a scaring interruption to the progress of societies, setting back development and darkening prospects.

6.       Norms of international politics / many of the gains that used to require territorial conquest can now be achieved through capturing market shares, election rigging and military intrigue

7.       An ethnically driven conflict that has fallen into disrepute and is likely to draw accusations of war crimes

8.       Big ideas and revolutionary ideology; OR forceful ideas

9.       The violence of internal repression and external conflict